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Sharding

Database Sharding

Definition

Sharding horizontally partitions a database by distributing rows across multiple nodes based on a shard key (e.g., user ID mod number-of-shards). Each shard holds a subset of the data and can be hosted on separate hardware, enabling horizontal scaling beyond what a single machine can handle.

Sharding introduces complexity around cross-shard queries, rebalancing, and transaction atomicity.


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